Tools

The Health, Employment, and Longevity Project is a research team committed to understanding the long-term consequences of spinal cord injury and other disabling conditions, with the ultimate goal of improving health, quality of life, and longevity after injury or disability. This program of research has its roots in director Dr. Jim Krause's own experience with disability, as he has a neurologically complete spinal cord injury.

Below you will find tools, including calculators, videos, podcasts, research alerts, research briefs, fact sheets, and newsletters.

Reports

Guidelines for Longevity

Calculators

• SCI General Calculator
  
  
• SCI Life Expectancy Calculator
  • Life Expectancy Calculator Instructions & FAQ
  • Please provide feedback and help us improve the SCI Life Expectancy Calculator by completing a brief survey.
    
    
• SCI Fall-Related Unintentional Injury Calculator
  •  Fall-Related Unintentional Injury Calculator Instructions & FAQ
    
    
• SCI Unintentional Injury Calculator
  • Unintentional Injury Calculator Instructions & FAQ
    
    

• SCI Emergency Department (ED) Visit Calculator
  • ED Visits Calculator Instructions & FAQ
    
    
• Pressure Injury Calculator
  • Pressure Injury Instructions & FAQ

Videos

• Cost and SCI

Podcasts

• RehabCast - Opioids and SCI

Research Alerts

• Medication and Mortality Research Alert (PDF)

Opioid Brief

• Opioid Use Among Individuals With SCI (PDF)

Research Briefs

• Social Participation as a Mediator of the Relationships of Socioeconomics and Longevity after SCI (PDF)
• Self-Reported Benzodiazepine Use Among Adults with Chronic SCI (PDF)
• Resilient Coping Types in People with SCI (PDF)
• Relationships of Self-reported Opioid Use and Misuse and Pain Severity with Probable Major Depression Among Participants with SCI (PDF)
• Expectation of Engagement in Employment in 5 Years: Findings Among Participants with SCI (PDF)
• Differences in Personal Characteristics and Health Outcomes Between Ambulatory and Non-Ambulatory Adults with Traumatic SCI (PDF)
• Behavioral Factors and Unintentional Injuries After SCI (PDF)
• The Relationship Between Health Behaviors and Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations after Traumatic SCI (PDF)
• The Primary and Secondary Causes of Hospitalizations During the Five Years after SCI (PDF)
• Rehospitalization During the First 5 years after the Onset of Traumatic SCI (PDF)
• Opioid Use Among Individuals with SCI: Prevalence Estimates Based on State Prescriptions Drug Monitoring Program Data (PDF)
• Behavioral Factors and Unintentional Injuries after Spinal Cord Injury (PDF)
• Self-reported Prescription Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Tramadol Use and Unintentional Injuries Among Those with SCI (PDF)
• Characteristics Associated with Perceived Underemployment Among Participants with Multiple Sclerosis (PDF)
• Pain interference and depressive symptom severity (PDF)
• Suicidal ideation among individuals aging with SCI (PDF)
• Self-reported prescription opioid use among those with SCI (PDF)
• Difficulty Obtaining Daily Necessities and SCI Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic (PDF)
• Effect of COVID-19 pandemic among people with SCI (PDF)
• Career satisfaction among working age individuals with MS and SCI (PDF)
• Job Retention Among Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis (PDF)
• Life satisfaction in individuals with long-term SCI (PDF)
• Characteristics associated with perceived underemployment among those with SCI (PDF)
• Assessment of high-risk opioid use metrics among individuals with spinal cord injury (PDF)
• Pain Interference on the Relationships Between Pain Intensity and Probable Major Depression (PDF)
• Mortality Beyond the First Year After Spinal Cord Injury - Does Body Mass Index Matter (PDF)
• Social Participation as a Mediator of the Relationships of Socioeconomic Factors and Longevity (PDF)
• Psychoactive Substance Use (PDF)
• Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations (PDF)
• Pain and Probable Major Depression (PDF)
• Functional Improvement Based on Substance Abuse (PDF)
• Association of secondary health conditions with future chronic health conditions among persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (PDF)
• Assistive devices and future fall related injuries (PDF)
• Barriers and facilitators to employment: A comparison of participants with MS and SCI (PDF)
  
• A 25 year cross-sequential analysis of self-reported problems (PDF)
• Life Satisfaction Trend and Mortality (PDF)
• How Changes in Employment, Health, Participation, and QOL affect Long-Term Survival (PDF)

Fact Sheets

• Pain and Spinal Cord Injury in South Carolina (PDF)
• Pain and Spinal Cord Injury Across States (PDF)
• Unintentional Injuries after Spinal Cord Injury: Findings among people in South Carolina (PDF)
• COVID-19 (PDF)

Newsletters

• Spring 2024 MN50 Longevity Newsletter (PDF)
• Fall 2024 CRRNC Newsletter (PDF)
• Summer 2023 Newsletter (PDF)
• Summer 2023 Employment and Opioids Newsletter (PDF)
• Spring 2023 Aging 50 and Longevity Newsletter (PDF)
• Fall 2022 Newsletter (PDF)
• Fall 2022 Employment Newsletter (PDF)
• Fall 2022 Longevity Newsletter (PDF)
• Fall 2022 Aging 50 Newsletter (PDF)
• Fall 2022 Opioids Newsletter (PDF)

Archived Materials

• Fall 2019 Newsletter (PDF)
• Spring 2020 Newsletter (PDF)
• Summer 2020 Newsletter (PDF)
• Fall 2020 Newsletter (PDF)
• Spring 2021 Newsletter (PDF)
• Fall 2021 Newsletter (PDF)
• Aging after spinal cord injury: 40 years (PDF)
• Changes in alcohol use after spinal cord injury research brief (PDF)
• Risk of Pain Medication Misuse Research Brief (PDF)
• Health Behaviors and Multiple Chronic Conditions in Persons with SCI (PDF)
• Opioid Use Among Individuals with SCI: Prevalence Estimates Based on State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Data (PDF)
• Costs of Healthcare Services among High Utilizers of Healthcare Services (PDF)
• Benefits of working after spinal cord injury research brief (PDF)
• Depression and spinal cord injury research brief (PDF)
• Protective behaviors and pressure ulcers among those with spinal cord injury research brief (PDF)
• Social isolation after spinal cord injury (PDF)
• Vocational interests after spinal cord injury research brief (PDF)
• Rates of hospitalizations and ER visits research brief (PDF)
• Chronic health conditions among people with spinal cord injury research brief (PDF)
• Gainful employment and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury (PDF)
• Trends in non-routine physician visits and hospitalizations (PDF)
• Estimation of indirect costs on employment and earnings changes after spinal cord injury (PDF)
• Perceptions of policies and programs and their impact in supporting employment among individuals with spinal cord injury (PDF)
• Prevalence of chronic health conditions and hospital utilization in adults with spinal cord injury (PDF)
• The association between participation and quality of life indicators with hospitalizations in ambulatory adults with spinal cord injury (PDF)
• The association between secondary health conditions and indirect costs (PDF)
• Importance of intangible and tangible job considerations among SCI (PDF)

Please provide feedback and help us improve the SCI Life Expectancy Calculator by completing a brief survey.